What is the difference between Parmesan and Parmigiano Reggiano?

Parmesan and Parmigiano Reggiano are both hard, aged Italian cheeses with similar textures and flavors. Parmigiano Reggiano is made with raw cow's milk and aged for at least 12 months, sometimes up to three years. It has a nutty, slightly salty flavor. Parmesan is made with various types of cow's milk, whole or skimmed, and is typically aged between 6 and 12 months. It is similar, though generally milder.

The fundamental difference lies in the origin. Parmigiano Reggiano has Protected Designation of Origin status, meaning it can only be produced in certain regions of Italy, while Parmesan can be made anywhere in the world. This is why Parmigiano Reggiano is considered higher quality and more expensive, due to its strict production requirements.

Both are grated to accompany pasta, soups, and salads, or eaten in chunks when you're craving cheese. Since their flavor is similar, they can be used in the same way. Parmigiano Reggiano typically has a more intense and complex flavor than other Parmesan cheeses, and it's worth it if you're not concerned about the price and want an authentic Italian touch in your pasta.

If you're looking for a more economical alternative, Parmesan works just as well as a topping for pasta dishes, such as spaghetti or a classic lasagna. For a more intense flavor, you may need more Parmesan than Parmigiano Reggiano, and freshly grated Parmesan will have a more pronounced flavor than pre-packaged Parmesan.